Izindlela uHulumeni angazisebenzisa ukuvikela Inethiwekhi yeKhamera Yomzimba Ogcweleyo
Udaba olulodwa olukhulu kunawo wonke olungelona olwedlule oluyala noma yikuphi ukushintshana ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhamera agqokwa ngumzimba (BWCS) ukuvikela Ukukhetha isikhathi sokuqopha ukuxhumana kuhlala kuyindaba engabazekayo. Abathengisi abambalwa be-BWC basho konke ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaphoyisa futhi okuvulekile kufanele kuqoshwe, kanti abanye bangafuna ukubona abaphathi besebenzisa i -jikelezo ekukhetheni ukuthi baqopha nini. Okwamanje, ezindaweni ze12 kunemithetho edinga ukuthi yonke imibuthano ivumelane ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke i-akhawunti.
Ukucatshangelwa kwenqubomgomo ngalolu daba kuyabonakala futhi kuyacaca. Noma kunjalo, iphakamisa umcabango we-IT oyisisekelo: ukuphepha. Ukuphikisana ngqo nanoma yiziphi iziphathimandla zomakhelwane ezikhethiwe okudingeka zibone yizici ephepheni eliseduzane mayelana nokuqhuma kolwazi lokuthola amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamadokhumenti evidiyo. Ngakho-ke kuphela, ama-CIOs kufanele alolonge kabusha ngenxa yokukhuthala ekuhleleni ukuthi ukuphepha kwemibhalo yevidiyo kuzophathwa kanjani.
Mayelana nokuhleleka okusemagcekeni, ama-CIO kufanele alinganise imibuzo enjengokuthi “malini” nokuthi “kukhulu kangakanani” eceleni kokufinyelela. Kumahhovisi okuqalisa ukusebenza komthetho acabanga ngokuhlelwa kwesifunda, ukukhetha kufanele kubheke ukuvikeleka kohlaka olunjalo. Amalungiselelo esitoreji esabiwe anganikeza izinhlangano ezithile zokugunyazwa komthetho, ikakhulukazi ezincane, ngezinga lokuphepha abangeke bakwazi ukuzenza ngaphandle komunye umuntu.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba kuqhamuka neForamu Executive Research Forum, ilungiselelo lamafu lidinga ama-CIO nezinhlangano zokusebenzisa umthetho ukuthi badlale ngokuzikhandla kwabo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abantu abazogcinwa kule video bazinze ngokufanele. Okunye ukuphepha kugxile ekucabangeni lapho kuhlolwa ukulungiswa kwendawo yokugcina okusatshalaliswa okubandakanya:
- Sebenza nomthengisi othembekile.
- Ngena esivumelwaneni esisemthethweni esilawula ubudlelwane bomthengisi futhi siqinisekise imininingwane yehhovisi.
- Sebenzisa uhlaka olusebenze ekubuyekezeni umkhondo ukulindela ukuguqulwa kolwazi nokufinyelela okungavunyelwe.
- Sebenzisa uhlaka olunecebo eliqinile lokuqinisa ulwazi oluhleliwe.
- Ukwelulekwa nabashushisi kanye nabeluleki bezomthetho ngaphambi kokuxazulula kunoma yisiphi isiphetho esisemthethweni.
Amakhamera Worn Worn Nokuvikela Inethiwekhi Kahulumeni:
Ngokwethuba lokuthi iphuzu lekhamera lithuthukisiwe ekufaneni kwepho ukunikeza ukuhlinzekwa okuhlosiwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo nabantu jikelele, ngaleso sikhathi, ngokusemthethweni, ukuqoshwa okwenziwe kumele kuhlale kuvikelekile futhi kungabonakali. Lokhu kukhombisa ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni kokusebenza zombili, okungasetshenziswa ukuqopha njengobufakazi kuyo yonke imicikilisho yokumangalela kanye nokususa izikhulu ezingagxekwa ngokungaziphathi kahle ngokuziphatha okungekuhle, kanye nesibalo sabantu, abangatholi mfutho kwividiyo ifilimu isikhulu esisole ngokuziphatha okubi inenketho yokuthola noma ukulungisa okuthile esikhathini esizayo.
USteve Ward, owayeyiphoyisa langaphambilini kanye ne-CEO yeVievu, umphakeli wamagajethi wekhamera agqoke umzimba nohlelo, uthi wabona ukuqina okude kakhulu kuze kube cishe unyaka owedlule, lapho inhlangano ibambisana neMicrosoft ukunikeza isitoreji esabiwe kusetshenziswa i-Azure Ifu likahulumeni, elihlangabezana nemihlahlandlela ye-FBI's Criminal Justice Information Systems (CJIS).
"Izimboni ezizimele eMelika, azinalo uphenyo olufanayo nezinhlangano zikahulumeni," kusho uWard. "Sibe nokuphatha okusekelwe emafini, kuneshumi nambili laphaya lapho noma yiliphi ibhizinisi elizimele lingaqhubeka nokugcina imininingwane, kepha uhulumeni uyisidalwa esishintshanayo. Ngakho-ke njengakamuva nje, ukuhlelwa kwefu okugcwalisa imihlahlandlela ye-FBI bekungekho. Lokho bekuyithoni yokungakholelwa. Ukuqaliswa komthetho akuzange kuthulule isifuba kuwo, akuzange kuzifeze izinkombandlela obekumele bazilandele, ngakho-ke bamane abangahambanga kanjalo. Uma sitshelwa iqiniso, i-FBI ibike ngonyaka ka-2012 ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuphathwa kwamafu okunikezwa amahhovisi okugunyazwa komthetho kumele kuvumelane nezidingo zokuphepha zeCJIS.
Ngokusobala, ukuphepha akuyona into ebalulekile lapho ucabanga ukubeka ifilimu yevidiyo. Ngenkathi inhlangano ngayinye yenza uhlelo lwayo lokudubula ukuxhumana kwezikhulu emkhakheni, i-American Civil Liberties Union icele uphiko lwamaphoyisa ukuba lwenze "uhlelo oluya ehhovisi oluyalela ukuthi amaphoyisa avule i-akhawunti ngesikhathi sokubambisana nomphakathi jikelele." I-PERF ibonile ukuthi amahhovisi ambalwa angayisebenzisa le ndlela, kepha abhekise kulokho ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho okumbalwa ngokuvulekile kudinga ukuvikelwa, ikakhulukazi izinkulumo ezinabantu abalimele kabi noma ofakazi abangahle bathambekele ekuxhumaniseni uma izimemezelo zabo zirekhodwa. "Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu" ukuthi izikhulu zimane zisebenzise amakhamera azo "ngesikhathi somthetho okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlobene nokuzivocavoca, ngokwesibonelo, izitobhi zethrafikhi, ukuthwebula, ukusesha, ukuhlolwa okuvundlile, kanye nezintshisekelo," kusho umbiko we-PERF. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu becala, “indlela, ikakhulukazi, ikhombisa ukuthi uma konke okunye kwehluleka, izikhulu kufanele zirekhode,” njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngumbiko.
Ngaphandle kwendlela yokwenza, izinhlangano ezisebenzisa amakhamera agqoke umzimba zizokhiqiza ifilimu enkulu. Izinqubo ezingasasebenzi zokuxhasa ifilimu emibuthanweni ebeka iphoyisa hhayi nje kuphela ekuqedeni ukwethenjwa okuvulekile kohlelo olunjalo - njengoba lwenza ukufinyelela ekurekhodweni - ngokufanayo kuyisiteshi se-HR nezinhlelo zokusebenzisa imali.
“Ngaphambi kwalokho, iphoyisa belidinga ukuthengiselana nabasebenzi, lidinga ukuthenga ikamelo elengeziwe, belidinga ukukhokhela umuntu ozongena futhi aqondise futhi abuyisele ukurekhodwa njalo, futhi ngibona ukuthi ungabona ukuthi lokho kubiza futhi kuyisicefe kangakanani, ”Kusho uWard.
Igumbi Lokusungula:
Ngenkathi ifu selilungele inqubo ebucayi yolwazi yokubhekana nalawa makhamera, okusha kusenethuba lokuba ngcono. Ukuhlelwa kwefilimu yevidiyo kusuka kukhamera kuya efwini kuzwakala kuphelele, kepha empeleni akusikho emhlabeni okwamanje. Nge-Vievu, ngokwesibonelo, izikhulu zidinga ukuthatha amakhamera azo zibuyele kumyalo wazo okhethekile, bazihlanganise ngokomzimba ne-PC, futhi bathwale umthwalo wokuqoshwa kohlaka lwesitoreji esabiwe bebodwa.
Ngaphandle kokuthi umkhiqizo uhloselwe ukugcina izikhulu zingangcolisi nokuqoshwa ngaphambi kokukubeka efwini, inqubo isashiya isikhala sephutha. Amasu angayala ukuthi izikhulu zidlulise iningi lokurekhodwa kwazo, kepha lokho mhlawumbe ngeke kuvimbe isikhulu ngokuthile okungabalekela ukuqeda igajethi ngaphambi kokwenza noma iyiphi ifilimu ehilelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela okukhathazeka ngayo izindleko zomthamo kusho ukuthi izikhulu eziningi zithola ithuba lokukhetha ukuthi zizoqopha nini ukuthi yiziphi izinhlangano ezingavula umnyango wombango.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokugunyazwa komthetho kwenze ukuthi amakhamera agqokwe umzimba abe nesidingo esikhulu, ukuqamba okusha sekuthuthukile ukuwenza abaluleke ngokwanele ekwabelweni okufinyelela kude. UMnyango Wezokulingana wase-US usubike ngohlelo lwamacala wokuhlola ayizigidi ezingama- $ 20 lapho ezosiza khona ukusetshenziswa kwamahhovisi amaningi okugunyazwa komthetho, encoma ukuthi lokhu kugcina kufinyelela ezingeni elikhulu ukwedlula iphethini ekusetshenzisweni komthetho. Futhi, ngamehlo kaVievu, konke abakudingayo bekuyindawo evikelwe ukugcina yonke ividiyo.
"Iphethini enkulu embonini yami ifu eliqinisekiswe yi-CJIS le-Microsoft Azure esisebenza nalo," kusho uWard. "Kuyinzuzo ehlukile, futhi yilokho okuzokwenza konke kushintshe ophikweni lwezokuphatha."
Imvamisa, isitoreji esabiwe siyimpendulo efanelekile yalolu daba, ikakhulukazi njengoba kuvimbela ukungena kwezikhulu kumarekhodi. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi eside, ukucela amahhovisi adinga umthetho ukuthi ancike kulolo lwazi olubucayi efwini kwakungeyona into elula. Umbiko (i-PDF) ngamakhamera agqokwe umzimba wokuqalisa ukusebenza komthetho owakhishwa ngoSepthemba 2014 yiPolice Executive Research Forum (PERF) waxwayisa izinhlangano ukuthi “babheke abathengisi bangaphandle ngokuqapha,” futhi wathi abaphathi bamaphoyisa abaningi bahlangana kulo mbiko begxile ekubalulekeni wokungena esivumelwaneni esisemthethweni nomthengisi wesitoreji esabiwe.
Isiphetho:
Ukwesekwa kwe-CCTV kuyaheha, noma kunjalo, ubufakazi abukholisi. Baqoqwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ezimweni ezingabazekayo, futhi ngaphandle kokuhlonipha imibukiso elinganisekayo. Izigaba ezahlukahlukene zokona zihlanganisiwe ngokungenhloso, kufihla ukwenyuka okungenzeka kokumbalwa bese kwehla kwabanye. Ukutholwa kwesikhashana kukaDitton ukuthi i-CCTV inciphisa ukona ngaphansi kwephiko elicishe libe ngu-20% - kuseseyisibalo esivelele, nokho esingabhebhetheka ngezindlela zendabuko eziqhubekayo zokubhekana nokugunyazwa komthetho.
Umbiko oqhubekayo weHhovisi Lezasekhaya (i-CCTV eseduze igxile - bika 68 ekubonweni okungalungile nasekuhlelweni kokugwema) kuveza ukushiyeka kwangempela ekuqinisekisweni kohlaka lweCCTV. Lo mbiko wethula ubufakazi bokuthi le ndlela ayiphoqi kangako kunalokho obekucatshangwa phambilini, nokuthi umthelela ekwenziweni okungalungile awuhambisani. ENewcastle, ngokwesibonelo, amazinga okungalungi ehle ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezingekho ngaphansi kokubhekwa kweCCTV (ukuphanga kwehle ngama-57% ezindaweni ezihloliwe zedolobha) nokho kwehla ngama-39% ezindaweni ezingakahlolwa. Ukwephulwa okumbalwa kunqabile okuphawuleka kakhulu esifundeni esingahloliwe (ukuphanga okujwayelekile kwehle ngo-11% ngaphansi kwendawo okugxilwe kuyo, nangama-18% kwenye indawo).
Isiphambeko sikhanya kanye kanye, noma ngasiphi isikhathi, uma sibheka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, sibheka umbono wokuthi i-CCTV idlulisa ubugebengu ezindaweni ezingaphandle kokhamera. Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu zomsebenzi wokuqapha manje ukuthi amakhamera ethulwa njalo ezindaweni ezinamabhasheya aphezulu wokuqashisa. Ukwenza okungalungile kungahle kudlule ezindaweni ezingabizi kakhulu zebhizinisi kuya ezindaweni zasendaweni eziqashisayo. Amakomidi ajwayele ukuthola ukuthi kunzima ukuphikisa izicelo zezinhlaka ezinjalo.