Ukuvikelwa Kwezinethiwekhi Zikahulumeni Ngosizo Lwekhamera Egqokwa Umzimba
Ngokwanda kwezokuphepha, ukubhekwa kwedolobha sekuyinto ebalulekile kuhulumeni. "I-OMG Law Enforcing - Body-Worn Camera (DVR / WIFI / 3G / 4G) / Digital Evidence Management - Singapore" inikeza usizo emaphoyiseni, amaphoyisa omgwaqo, ukuphathwa kwamasiko, amasosha, kanye nonogada bakahulumeni ekuvikeleni amadolobha ngempumelelo ngobuchwepheshe obusha be-biometric.
Ukuze uphathe uhlelo lokuphepha lomkhawulo we-biometric lungafakwa ezindaweni ezichaziwe futhi ulandelele ukugeleza kwabantu ngaphesheya kwemingcele. Lokhu kufaka ubuchwepheshe bokufika, ukuphuma, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukungena, kanye nokufakwa kwedatha kuzwelonke. Ohulumeni futhi badinga amathuluzi aphephile okuletha ukuxhumana okubucayi phakathi kweminyango yabo. Ukuthi banikeze imiyalo eminyangweni yabo yezokuxhumana, noma ukuziphendulela kwabaqashi bakahulumeni. Bathembela ekubhekeni ukusebenza okuphezulu ukuze baqinisekise izixhumanisi eziphephile nezethembekile ehhovisi elikhulu. Lapho amaphoyisa ebandakanyeka esigamekweni sokuphikisana, amalungu omphakathi kanye nabezindaba bafuna ukwazi ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini abakwaBWC ngalesi sigameko, futhi uma umnyango ungazange uzithumele kuma-BWC, amalungu omphakathi afuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani.
Amakhamera wevidiyo agqokwa ngomzimba angamathuluzi abalulekile angasetshenziswa ngabomthetho ukuqopha izitobha zomgwaqo, ukuboshwa, ukuhlolwa okunengqondo nokuxoxisana nabantu. Izinhlelo zamakhamera wevidiyo agqokwa ngomzimba zivame ukuba nekhamera, imakrofoni, ibhethri, kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha yasekhishini. Zenzelwe ukufakwa ekhanda noma ukugqokwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni, kuya ngemodeli.
Ukuphila esikhathini sezinto ezintsha zegajethi ezinqenqemeni, izinhlobo zamanje zamagiya ziphenduke isidingo sokubaluleka okukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nenhlala-kahle yomphakathi. Ikhamera egqokwa ngumzimba iyigadget encane umuntu angayisika nge-neckline noma ephaketheni ngenkathi abanye abanye beqinisa ngokushesha. Umuntu nomuntu ngokufanayo angakha ithole lokuvikela noma ezingilazini. Ibhethri lagajethi ethuthukisiwe liqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora we-6 kuya kuma-8 ngama-akhawunti amahle kakhulu. Kungaba futhi ukuqopha okurekhodiwe phakathi nesikhathi sasebusuku noma endaweni emnyama. Kunconywa ngokukhethekile abasebenzi bezokuphepha.
Kamuva kakhulu umbhangqwana weminyaka, kuye kwaba sobala kakhulu ukubona ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwewebhu. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini samanje, noma ubani angabaza ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukudlulisa ifilimu yevidiyo ngezigaba eziningi bese eqala ukuphalala okubukhoma. Kulokho kuqhuba, ikhamera egqokwa uMzimba isiphenduke uhlelo oluvikelwe loHulumeni kanye nalo lonke usizo lwalo nezinzuzo zalo. Uma sikhuluma ngokuphepha nenhlalakahle, izikhulu zezokuphepha noma abasebenzi bamaphoyisa bakhala. Njengamanje ohulumeni abaningi bezwe baphoqelele ukuthi amaPhoyisa Amaphoyisa nabasebenzi bezokuphepha bagqoke ikhamera egqoke umzimba. Lokhu okusha kwakamuva kunika amandla okuqopha noma yikuphi okwenzekayo endaweni yesehlakalo esingalungile noma kwesinye isenzakalo, phakathi kwengxoxo ejwayelekile ngemuva kwanoma yisiphi isexwayiso sokuphepha. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukukhulisa ubukhali njengokucacisa ngokuthe ngqo ekuphatheni okungalungile nezinkomba zokuphepha.
Kungaba njengoba kungenzeka, umsebenzi wokwazisa Amakhamera agqokwa uMzimba usezingeni zawo kodwa-ke kancane uya ngokuba igiya elijwayelekile eMnyangweni wamaPhoyisa nokugqoka kwamaPhoyisa asezweni lonke. Amacala ambalwa aqavile athe lo mbono uye nawo phambili futhi wandisa ukubhebhetheka kwawo. Okwamanje amakhamera agqokwa uMzimba asephenduke enye iphethini kunethiwekhi yezidingo zomthetho. Amahhovisi okugunyazwa komthetho asondele kumaphrojekthi wamacala wokuhlola ukuze asetshenziswe.
Ukusetshenziswa lamakhamera agqokwa ngomzimba achaza ukucacile kanye nesibopho sokuhlukaniswa ngamaphoyisa. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukuthuthuka sekufikile kwindlela ebunjiwe nokuziphatha kwamaphoyisa esebenzisa amakhamera agqokwa ngomzimba. Lokhu kukhulisa ukulungela phakathi kwamaphoyisa. Baqala ukukhumbula imisebenzi yabo kanye nokuzibandakanya kwabo nesibalo sabantu bonke kanye nokuhluka ngokwengeziwe ukuya kude kakhulu phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okubalulekile ukugcina abasolwa nokusebenzisa kabi amandla ngendlela ebonakalayo.
Iyagxila emithonjeni ehlukahlukene kukhombisile ukuthi lapho abantu bezizwa bebhekiwe indlela abaziphatha ngayo izoshintsha. Lapho bezibona bengaphansi kokuqoshwa nokuqoshwa kwekhamera egqoke umzimba baya ngokulalela futhi bashintshe ukusebenzisana kwabo nalowo oqopha. Ubufakazi obuqoqiwe bukhombisa ukuthi abantu, abaziyo ngendlela iso lekhamera elibabheke ngayo, babamba imikhuba evunyelweyo noma evumayo ikakhulukazi lapho obukayo eyinto esezingeni lokuphakamisa. Kunezikhathi ezimbalwa emsebenzini wesikhulu lapho umuntu abamthwebayo kanye nabahola khona endaweni yesehluko umehluko ohluke ngokuphelele lapho bobabili behlangana enkantolo okokuqala. Ophendulile ogqoke ngobungcweti okhuluma kamnandi uhluke kakhulu kunomnikeli ophuzile obehlotshaniswa nempi futhi egcinelwe ibhethri. Ochwepheshe babona ngokuqinile ukuthi lapho inkantolo ibona ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo lo mbono uzoba omangalisayo kakhulu. Kujwayele ukudida ngokumangalisayo ukufika enkantolo ukuthola ummangalelwa egqoke ngobunono umfaniswano onomholi wasezulwini ongafani nakancane nalowo obanjiwe. Ngokusetshenziswa kwekhamera ukubamba isimilo sangempela salowo muntu nohlaka lwengqondo kungasiza maqondana nokwandulela.
Ngaphandle ukulungiswa kokuziphatha okungacatshangwa, ezinye izinzuzo eziqondakalayo zamakhamera agqokwe umzimba ezinhlanganweni kuncishisiwe ukuphikisana kwabomdabu nokusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kwezenzeko zamandla. Ngo-2012, uMnyango Wamaphoyisa Wedolobha LaseRialto, ubudlelwano neCambridge University e-United Kingdom, wahola umbiko wonyaka wonke ngemiphumela nemiphumela yamaphoyisa ayegqoke amakhamera omzimba. Ngaphezu konyaka, ukunyakaza okuhlukile kwamawashi kwanikezwa amakhamera ngenkathi amanye enganikwanga nhlobo. Uphenyo lwaluyisibonelo esithambile sokunyakaza okuhlukahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sonyaka, imiphumela yayishaqisa. Imibuthano ebihlukaniswe amakhamera omzimba iye yehla ukusetshenziswa kwezimo zamandla ngo-60% kusuka ngonyaka owedlule. Lokhu kuhlolwa kumemezele nokuthi izikhalazo zabomdabu ngalo mbuthano ofanayo ziye zehla ngo-88% ngezinqumo zangonyaka odlule. Umphathi wamaphoyisa eRialto uzwakalise ukwehla kwesibalo sezikhalazo kungenxa yokuthi izikhulu ziqhubeka kangcono noma izakhamizi ziziphethe kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi bekuyi-tad yabo bobabili.
Ngenye Uphenyo lwamakhamera agqokwa ngomzimba luhlelo oluphephile nokuthi luzithoba kanjani izikhalazo zabomdabu, uMnyango wamaPhoyisa aseMesa uqondise umbiko ongunyaka ikakhulukazi ogxile ekunciphiseni izikhalazo. Uhlelo lwamacala okuhlola luhlanganisa nemibuthano emibili; Izikhulu zokubuka ze-50 ezinamakhamera omzimba abelwe ne-50 ngaphandle kwamakhamera omzimba. Yomibili imibuthano yayiqhathaniswa ngokubopha izibopho kanye nezenhlalo. Ukuhlolwa, okuqondiswe njengethimba ne-University of Arizona, kufingqe ukuthi izikhulu zokubuka ngaphandle kwamakhamera omzimba zaba nemibhikisho eyengeziwe yezakhamizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphenyo nalo luye lwaphetha ukuthi izikhulu zomlindo ebezigqoke amakhamera agqokwa umzimba zinokwehla kwe-75% ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhalazo zamandla kanye nokwehla kwe-40% kokuphikisana kwendabuko kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala lapho amakhamera omzimba abengekho kusetshenzisiwe.
Lezi zivivinyo ezimbili kukhombise ukuthi amakhamera agqokwe ngumzimba avikelekile uhulumeni ngenxa yokuthi imiphumela emangalisayo iveza ukuthi amakhamera agqokwe ngumzimba anciphisa ukuphikiswa kwabahlali. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kube nomkhawulo wokuqondisa izinhlangothi zombili ekuqapheleni kokuba isiqephu siqoshwe. Isikhulu samaphoyisa eGreensboro uKen Miller uthi sinxusa izikhulu zethu ukuthi zitshele abantu ngabanye ukuthi ziyaqopha ngoba sicabanga ukuthi zihamba phambili ezinhlangothini zombili zekhamera.
Ukurekhoda kwevidiyo eziphathimandla ezisebenzisa amakhamera agqoke umzimba nazo zingasetshenziswa ukubhekana nezinkinga zangaphakathi zehhovisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyinsimbi yokulungiselela ebalulekile. Ocwaningweni oluqhubekayo oluqhutshwa ngamakhosi amaPhoyisa ezweni lonke ngokusetshenziswa kwevidiyo yomzimba, ama-94% abaphendulile bazwakalise ukuthi bayisebenzisela ukucwaninga ngosihlalo ukubhekana nokuziphatha okusemthethweni noma njengesixhobo sokuzilungiselela. Ividiyo yekhamera yomzimba inesilinganiso esikhulu sokulungiselela amamodeli. Ngenkathi babheka ifilimu, abaphathi bangahlola amasu amanje bese bekhetha ukuthi ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe yini kuncike kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela okusemthethweni. Ihhovisi lokulungiselela lingenza izimo ezithile ukulungiselela abaphathi balo kuncike ekulethweni kwangempela emkhakheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiselela ngokusemthethweni manje kuzokwazi ukucacisa ehhovisi ngalinye noma ngaphakathi kwesigaba.
Cishe kungenzeka isikhundla esithandwa kakhulu ekusebenziseni umthetho sizobamba futhi sibike ukuqinisekiswa kwezivivinyo zobugebengu. Nakulokhu futhi, kumane nje kuyinsimbi eyodwa engasiza ekwandisweni okuphumelelayo kwabaphula umthetho. Ngesikhathi lapho izikhulu ziphendula ngesimo sokwenza okungalungile, iningi lokugxila kwabo kanye nokukhathazeka okuyisisekelo ukuvikela indawo yesehlakalo nokusiza abalimele ngeshwa ngezindlela zosizo lwezokwelapha. Njengoba beqala imihlangano yabo futhi bezama ukuhlanganisa okwenzekile, kunzima ukucabanga ngakho konke okucashile. Ngokusebenzisa ikhamera egqoke umzimba, isikhulu singarekhoda indawo yesehlakalo nobuqili obuningi besikhashana obungaphuthelwa. Njengoba bezulazula bezungeza indawo engalungile, bakubhalile njengoba kwakunjalo ngempendulo yokuqala. Le divayisi inganikeza inqwaba yedatha ezikhulwini evame ukuvela kahle ngesinye isikhathi lapho inokuthula futhi ingaxhamazeli. Isikhulu samaphoyisa kwaDalton uParker uthi akufani neze namakhamera ezimoto, amakhamera agqoke umzimba aqopha konke okwenzekayo njengokuhamba kwezikhulu zizungeza indawo engalungile futhi zihlangana nabantu abehlukene. Amakhamera agqokwe umzimba abaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni idatha ngokunembile.
Neighborhood abahloli banikezwe amandla futhi izinhlangano ezithakazelisa ngenjabulo ukuthatha lo msebenzi omusha. Ukuba nerekhodi levidiyo elizokhonjiswa enkantolo kuvame ukuba nzima ukukuthola. EKentucky, ummeli wonogada bakamakhelwane wakhetha ukusetshenziswa kwevidiyo enamakhamera agqoke umzimba. Kwenza kube lula kakhulu kubo ukuthi bazi ukuthi uzungu olukhokhiswayo lungaba yinzuzo yabo enkulu ngoba awudingi ibhodi labahluleli ukubona lokhu. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kusebenza ezimweni zokuhlukumezeka komndeni lapho isiqinisekiso sevidiyo sinikezwa enkantolo. Ngokuvamile, ikakhulukazi uma kunomdwebo wokuphathwa kabi futhi abantu abaxhashazwayo banovalo, bangakhetha ukungafaki amacala. Ukuqinisekiswa kwezindaba zenhlalo kuyisimo esinenkinga, esihle kakhulu. Kuhlanganiswe nokulimala okungathandeki okungathandeki kanye nokwandulelwa kwenzelwa zonke izinhloso nezinhloso ezingacabangeki.