Pamene apolisi aku US akuwonetsedwa mwachidwi ndi anthu omwe amawatumikira, maofesi angapo akugwira makamera ovala kuti afotokozere mgwirizano wawo ndi anthu ambiri. Apolisi komanso omenyera ufulu womwewo adakhulupirira kuti zochitika zawotchi zingathandize kudzetsa kuchitira nkhanza olamulira monga kuwongolera momwe apolisi amathandizira anthu. Ngakhale zili choncho, lipoti lotulutsidwa sabata yamawa likunena za kuchuluka kwa maofesi omwe amafunikira malamulo kuti adziwitsegulire zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makamera komanso kujambula komwe amasonkhanitsa.

Zovuta za Makamera Athupi pa Anthu ndi Chiwopsezo Chaupandu:

Kadi yaposachedwa kwambiri yolembedwa ndi kamera yochokera ku The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, ikugwira ntchito ndi luso komanso upangiri waupangiri ku Upturn, adayendera maofesi apolisi 50 aku US ndikuwatsimikizira kuti akudwala gawo lalikulu lazoyeserera zisanu ndi zitatu. Zizindikirozi zimaphatikizira momwe apolisi amatetezera chitetezo cha omwe amalemba, mosasamala kanthu kuti akuluakuluwo amaloledwa kuwunika kanema asanalembe malipoti awo, momwe zojambulazo zimachitikira komanso ngati anthu wamba amatha kuwona kanema momwe amawonera. Mabungwe osiyanasiyana ofanana pakati pa anthu, oteteza chitetezo komanso atolankhani adakhazikitsa njira mu Meyi 2015 kuti ikhudze momwe maofesi amagwirira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito luso.

Palibe magawano omwe adakhoza m'makalasi onse. Choonadi chikananenedwa kuti 13 adangodutsa m'malo angapo, malinga ndi a Wade Henderson, Purezidenti ndi CEO wa The Leadership Conference, msonkhano wodziyimira pawokha wopangidwa mu 1950 kuti alankhule ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza NAACP ndi ACLU. Maofesi apolisi ku Ferguson, Mo., ndi Fresno, Calif., Amanyalanyaza kukwaniritsa zofunikira zilizonse. Ferguson adaganiziranso za dziko lapansi zaka ziwiri zapitazo pomwe apolisi kumeneko adawombera mwana wachinyamata waku America waku America Michael Brown, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti dziko lonselo likambirane za momwe chilolezo chalamulo chimachitira ndi ochepa.

Zovuta pakugwiritsa ntchito makamera amthupi:

Magulu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe nawonso ali ndi nkhawa kuti mapulogalamu a biometric okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozindikira nkhope atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa anthu omwe ali mu kanema wa kamera, ndipo kamera ya dipatimenti yachisanu ndi chitatu yamakalata yoyandikira kamera imayandikira kutengera ngati angafune kuphwanya mfundo za biometric. Zatsopano zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuzindikira anthu pakamera zimafunikira kuphatikiza mphamvu, kuwerengera komanso moyo wa batri wa kamera womwe ulibe - komabe zomwe zingasinthe mwachangu pomwe Taser International ndi opanga makamera ena amthupi amakula ndikutulutsa komweko. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvomereza kumaso kwa zithunzi zochotsa pano.

Magulu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe amaopa apolisi adzagwiritsa ntchito makamera ngati zida zowunikira poyang'ana madera ochepa, Henderson adati poyankhulana pagulu. Maofesi ochepa adachitapo kanthu pamavuto awa mwakakamiza malangizo kuti akakamize kutaya nkhope-kuzindikira kusanachitike. Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ku Baltimore inali yokhayo chaka chatha cholemba makhadi a Leadership Conference omwe njira zawo mpaka pano zikakamizira kusaka kwa biometric kwa kanema. Kalata yaposachedwa kwambiri pamsonkhanowu ikuwonetsa kuti apolisi aku Baltimore County, Boston, Cincinnati, Montgomery County, Md., Ndi Parker, Colo., Ali ndi zoletsa zina zonse za biometrics.

"Kugwiritsa ntchito ma biometrics kudzakhala vuto lalikulu - osati mtsogolo kwambiri," akutero a James Coldren, oyang'anira oyang'anira mapulogalamu azachuma ku CNA Institute for Public Research, bungwe lopanda phindu komanso kafukufuku. "Zimafanana ndi china chilichonse. Biometrics imatha kubweretsa mavuto ngati siyiyang'aniridwa kapena kuyang'aniridwa ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi zolinga zoyipa amagwiritsa ntchito njirayo. ” Coldren ndi William Sousa, wamkulu wa Center for Crime and Justice Policy ku University of Nevada, Las Vegas, akuyendetsa kafukufuku wa pulogalamu yoyeserera kamera yoyeserera ya Las Vegas Metropolitan Police. Sanatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufuku wa Msonkhano wa Atsogoleri koma apeza pazofufuza zawo kuti, atalephereka, maofesi apolisi akuyitanitsa makamera ovala thupi. "[Ku Las Vegas] gawoli lidapeza kuti zojambulidwazo ndizothandiza kwa owona mtima komanso oyipa kwa omwe ali ndi mlandu," Coldren akutero.

Ngakhale zili pafupi, nkhani zosiyanasiyana zikuchulukirachulukira kuposa biometric, atero a Michael White, mphunzitsi wazamalamulo ku Arizona State University yemwe adafufuza makamera ovala thupi ku US Branch of Justice (DoJ). "Ndamva zokambirana pazinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito [biometrics] komabe sindikudziwa kuti mabungwe aliwonse akuyenda mwachangu njirayi pakadali pano." Mwa njira yomwe Msonkhano wa Atsogoleri umakhalira, zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo nthawi yomwe akuluakulu amalemba ndi momwe amatetezera chitetezo cha omvera-makamaka omwe amachita zoyipa omwe amazunza anthu. Zovuta zachitetezozi zawonekera pomwe maofesi ena amapanga njira zapa YouTube zojambulira.

Zovuta pankhani yachuma chamakamera:

Magawo ambiri amatanthauza mtengo monga cholepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito luso. Makamera omwewo atha kukwera mtengo kuchokera $ 300 mpaka $ 800 paofesi, ndimadola ochulukirapo omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito makanema pamwezi ndi mwezi pakapita nthawi. Zowonongekazo sizovuta kudziwa: zida, kukonzekera ndi kusunga zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zachuma, zachepetsa madandaulo kapena maubale ochepera ocheperako, ngakhale zitakhala zotani, sizosavuta kuwerengera, akutero a White, wamkulu wothandizana ndi gulu lomwe limaphunzitsa ndikuthandizira kuphatikiza maofesi ovomerezeka amalamulo omwe ma camera awo amathandizira Amathandizidwa ndi DoJ's Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) Pilot Implementation Program. Komabe, White akuganiza kuti mwina gawo la ndalamazo lingafanane. "Maofesi ena akuluakulu apolisi nthawi zonse amalipira $ 10 pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni chaka chilichonse," akutero. "Ngati kamera yovala thupi ichepetsa chiwerengerocho, izi ndizabwino kwambiri."

BJA imagwiritsa ntchito chiphaso chake kuyesa njira za makanema omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira za 17 zoyeserera, kuphatikiza ngati oyang'anira amafunsidwa nthawi yomwe akufunika kuwongolera makamera awo komanso momwe angatsitsire mojambulira ku PC ma office. Pali zifukwa zomveka zokonzera izi zikuvomereza kufufuzidwa motere: BJA idatulutsa mwalamulo ndalama zoposa $ 19 miliyoni ku maofesi a 73 kudutsa dziko lonse kuti agule makamera ovomerezeka.